Basic Preparation Of Foods: Dairy Produce.
These basic tips may seem unnecessary for most modern householders with a refrigerator in the kitchen, but modern devices do make people sloppy and it is still well-worth while knowing 'why' we must do certain things. It is also worth remembering these tips when there is no refrigerator to hand or when it so small that it will not hold everything you need, such as when camping, boating or on holiday in some countries in the world.
MILK:
Milk has been called 'nature's perfect food', because no other food, taken alone, can support adult human life. It is of the utmost importance for the growth and development of young people, but it must be clean because bacteria also find it very nourishing and quickly grow in it. If your milk was not bought pasteurized, then it should be scalded and cooled quickly before consumption.
How To Scald Milk: Rinse a clean saucepan with cold water, pour in the milk and apply heat until bubbles form around the side of the pan. Keep it at this temperature, that is not letting it boil, for 3 minutes. Do not overheat, as milk burns easily. Pour immediately into a clean jug and place in a basin of cold water and cover with a fine cloth to prevent the ingress of flies and dust.
How To Keep Milk Fresh: If milk is not be kept in the containers in which it was bought, transfer it into a clean jug, which has been rinsed with cold water. A warm container will cause milk to stick to the sides and go off more quickly. You should always keep milk in the coolest place in the larder and always keep it covered. it is good to remember that draughts occur most often at ground-level and that hot air rises. Never keep milk in an airless cupboard and in hot weather stand the jug in a bowl of water with the cloth covering dangling in the water. The cloth will soak up water, which will evaporate, which uses up heat, ensuring that the container remain cool. Keep milk away from strong-smelling foods, as it absorbs smells easily. Never mix new and old milk together.
Sour Milk: Milk straight from the cow is slightly alkaline, but as time passes, lactic acid is created and it becomes what we call 'sour'. Pasteurizing or scalding the milk retards this process. Milk which is 'on the turn' can be rejuvenated by boiling with a pinch of bicarbonate of soda to restore the alkalinity. Once the milk has gone too far and has curdled, it can be strained through (cheese) cloth, thereby separating the curds from the whey. The curds can be used as a filling for cakes, tarts, scones etc and the whey can be used as the liquid for making scones, cakes and soups etc., as it still retains much of its goodness.
Evaporated Milk: Evaporated milk is ordinary milk, which has had some of its water content driven off by heat in some form or another before being canned. Once reconstituted by adding water, it will last only slightly longer than fresh milk.
Condensed Milk: This is simply evaporated milk to which sugar has been added before canning. The sugar acts as a preservative and will keep the milk for about a week. Do not keep in the tin, but decant it into a jug.
Dried Milk: Dried milk comes in a variety of forms and notice should be taken of the instructions on the label. Specialized products can be bought for babies, invalids, convalescents and dieters, all of which contain varying amounts and types of added vitamins and minerals. Usually, they are very much lower in fat content than conventional milk.
These basic tips may seem unnecessary for most modern householders with a refrigerator in the kitchen, but modern devices do make people sloppy and it is still well-worth while knowing 'why' we must do certain things. It is also worth remembering these tips when there is no refrigerator to hand or when it so small that it will not hold everything you need, such as when camping, boating or on holiday in some countries in the world.
MILK:
Milk has been called 'nature's perfect food', because no other food, taken alone, can support adult human life. It is of the utmost importance for the growth and development of young people, but it must be clean because bacteria also find it very nourishing and quickly grow in it. If your milk was not bought pasteurized, then it should be scalded and cooled quickly before consumption.
How To Scald Milk: Rinse a clean saucepan with cold water, pour in the milk and apply heat until bubbles form around the side of the pan. Keep it at this temperature, that is not letting it boil, for 3 minutes. Do not overheat, as milk burns easily. Pour immediately into a clean jug and place in a basin of cold water and cover with a fine cloth to prevent the ingress of flies and dust.
How To Keep Milk Fresh: If milk is not be kept in the containers in which it was bought, transfer it into a clean jug, which has been rinsed with cold water. A warm container will cause milk to stick to the sides and go off more quickly. You should always keep milk in the coolest place in the larder and always keep it covered. it is good to remember that draughts occur most often at ground-level and that hot air rises. Never keep milk in an airless cupboard and in hot weather stand the jug in a bowl of water with the cloth covering dangling in the water. The cloth will soak up water, which will evaporate, which uses up heat, ensuring that the container remain cool. Keep milk away from strong-smelling foods, as it absorbs smells easily. Never mix new and old milk together.
Sour Milk: Milk straight from the cow is slightly alkaline, but as time passes, lactic acid is created and it becomes what we call 'sour'. Pasteurizing or scalding the milk retards this process. Milk which is 'on the turn' can be rejuvenated by boiling with a pinch of bicarbonate of soda to restore the alkalinity. Once the milk has gone too far and has curdled, it can be strained through (cheese) cloth, thereby separating the curds from the whey. The curds can be used as a filling for cakes, tarts, scones etc and the whey can be used as the liquid for making scones, cakes and soups etc., as it still retains much of its goodness.
Evaporated Milk: Evaporated milk is ordinary milk, which has had some of its water content driven off by heat in some form or another before being canned. Once reconstituted by adding water, it will last only slightly longer than fresh milk.
Condensed Milk: This is simply evaporated milk to which sugar has been added before canning. The sugar acts as a preservative and will keep the milk for about a week. Do not keep in the tin, but decant it into a jug.
Dried Milk: Dried milk comes in a variety of forms and notice should be taken of the instructions on the label. Specialized products can be bought for babies, invalids, convalescents and dieters, all of which contain varying amounts and types of added vitamins and minerals. Usually, they are very much lower in fat content than conventional milk.
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